a) Motivator factors are related to job content. b) Hygiene factors refer to job content. In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. b. Adherence and familiarity with only one theory. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs? e. Carl Jung. The answer is, the success of many organizations is dependent on the nAch levels of their employees.6 This is especially true for jobs that require self-motivation and managing others. a) ERG theory B) an individual's intensity, direction and persistence. These eight types of intelligence represent the varied ways individuals process information. e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. We say these people have a high achievement motive. Employees who continuously have to be told how to do their jobs require an overly large management team, and too many layers of management spell trouble in the current marketplace. To quit embarrassing situations or to avoid conditions that may lead to belittlement or the scorn or indifference of others. Given the success of the program, in 2017 it was expanded to all RBS sites and a smartphone app was added to help employees participate in the challenges (Barton 2017). c) Expectancy a) It is a content theory of motivation. The uncollectible percentage is 5.5%. To separate oneself from a negatively valued object. psychopharmacology j. 61. a) distributive justice To master, manipulate, or organize physical objects, human beings, or ideas. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. ______ needs tend to take on higher importance in collectivist societies. They feel personally responsible for completing whatever tasks they are assigned. Physiological, safety and social needs are __________ according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. There are four major process theories: (1) operant conditioning, (2) equity, (3) goal, and (4) expectancy. a) Positive inequity a) The multiplier effect is still in question. For example, our need for water takes precedence over our need for social interaction (this is also called prepotency). McClellands research is important because much of current thinking about organizational behavior is based on it. b) Equity But paying him more will not cause long-term satisfaction unless motivators are present. The Promotion contains a game of chance . are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Which of the following statements is true with regards to the research on Maslow's needs hierarchy? Rather, hygienes refer to job context factors (pay, working conditions, supervision, and security). But he also believes that each need can be taught, especially nAch. Are CCC and DDD mutually exclusive? Further, evidence in support of the three need categories and their order tends to be stronger than evidence for Maslows five need categories and their relative order. b) valence e) less than two needs must be activated at the same time, c) more than one need may be activated at the same time, Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? a) Existence To revenge an injury. There are no higher levels in the pyramid, because self-actualization needs can never be fully satisfied. d. serving as a research framework. Many organizations manage the achievement needs of their employees poorly. c) performance is higher with easy goals Accounting and Finance Political Theory (PLH-1) Criminal Law - II (0303) Masters of Business Administration export import (1723) Bsc Nursing (BNurs2011) Bachelors of Business Administration in Finance & Investment Analysis (BBA1) MBA (33A) Contract (140) MBA (CRIM) Bachler of art (eli) English (BCA302) Mechanical Engineering (BE MECH) Trending Lucretias need to dominate may not be motivating her current behavior because she is with friends instead of coworkers. In response, the two entrepreneurs launched a line of socks that not only reinvents the sock (they claim), but also helps those in need. See Answer. d) psychologically distorting the comparisons. When theyre present in sufficient quantities, we avoid dissatisfaction, but they do not contribute to satisfaction. When we sense that we are valuable contributors, are achieving something important, or are getting better at some skill, we like this feeling and strive to maintain it. a.) A manifest need is whatever need is motivating us at a given time. b) only two needs may be activated at the same time SDT theory has interesting implications for the management of organizational behavior. Concept related to Betty Neuman's System Model of Nursing is: A. b.) Content theories explain work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior. 6. Match leadership to the conditions at hand. Such actions enhance intrinsic rewards. On the other hand, SDT would suggest that to enhance intrinsic motivation on jobs that are interesting, dont focus only on increasing extrinsic rewards (like large pay bonuses). SDT takes the concepts of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation further than the other need theories. e) The theory fails and does not clearly categorize salary. Of the three needs studied by McClelland, nAch has the greatest impact. To give sympathy and gratify the needs of a helpless object: an infant or any object that is weak, disabled, tired, inexperienced, infirm, defeated, humiliated, lonely, dejected, sick, or mentally confused. 67. Organizational behavior researchers, however, are not as enamored with it because research results dont support Maslows hierarchical notion. In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. Individual therapy meets the standard of best practices when it includes all of the following EXCEPT. Those are the needs at the bottom of the pyramid (physiological, safety, and security). The need for affiliation contributes to managerial success only in those situations where the maintenance of warm group relations is as important as getting others to work toward group goals. d.) Goal setting To draw near and enjoyably cooperate or reciprocate with an allied other (another who resembles the subject or who likes the subject). Content perspectives, also known as need-based perspectives, include all except which one of the following theories? Todays flexible, cost-conscious organizations have no room for top-heavy structures; their high-nAch employees perform their jobs well with minimal supervision. d) Social and esteem Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation. Rays sold $3,745,060 of merchandise, of which 50% was on credit. The use of a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client (or other parties) that clearly states behavioral goals, reinforcements, and penalties. Rather than schedule these inspections during regular hours, they consulted with the maintenance workers, who suggested doing the inspections while sections of the subway were closed to trains for seven consecutive hours. e) It holds that people who feel underpaid will reduce their work efforts to compensate for missing rewards. integrative. relation to the euro, what is the The distinction between instinctive and learned needs sometimes blurs; for example, is our need to socialize with other people instinctive or learned? According to Alderfer, which needs reflect a desire for satisfying interpersonal relationships? This need is the second of McClellands learned needs. According to Orem each of the four constituent theories within the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory include all of the following,EXCEPT: ( Multiple Choice) Question 9. It doesnt matter whether the information implies success or failure. a) 23 Do you think social responsibility to promote sustainable practices? C) an effort toward creating goals. The genetic theory of aging states that lifespan is largely determined by the genes we inherit. c) Safety, self-actualization, and social d) Social Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories discussed in class include all of the following, except: A good theory should be clearly stated All else constant, the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon is preferable O A good theory does not need to be rigorously tested Its constructs should be able to be operationalized A good theory should include all important predictor variables b) instrumentality According to Bhattacharya, a company needs to first define what it does and its long-term purpose, and then reconcile its sustainability goals with its economic goals. That is, most people spend much of their lives developing self-esteem and the esteem of others. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals. d) Motivation-hygiene theory The theory posits that to maximize employee motivation, employers must try to guide workers to the upper parts of the hierarchy. A need is a human condition that becomes "energized" when people feel deficient in some respect. a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence Those five human needs, in the order of prepotency in which they direct human behavior, are: Exhibit 14.5 A protester at an anti-war demonstration in Seattle held up this sign. Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. You can think of content theories of motivation as focusing on WHAT will motivate us. d) Who will be a more appropriate manager for an employee b) It fails to help explain any cross-cultural management situations. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Question 16:- All of the following are content theories except: a) operant conditioning b) SDT theory c) ERG theory d) Motivator/Hygiene theory . b) organizational policies and administration. Find the amount of interest that could be earned in a savings account and a certificate of deposit account. Thus, an employee can be dissatisfied with low pay. But managers use theory every day. Identify situational conditions. Manifest needs theory assumes that human behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy needs. The Victims' Rights Movement. Skip to document . c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety Herzbergs theory has made lasting contributions to organizational research and managerial practice. All of the following are examples of stage theories in development except _____. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. the amount of effort a person puts forth. All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. The possibilities are endless. d) People are less comfortable when they are under-rewarded than when they are over-rewarded. http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. b) Hierarchy of needs theory (Points : 1) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. The implications of Maslows theory for organizational behavior are as much conceptual as they are practical. 30. a) Safety Could we detect that need from her current behavior? d) The presence of motivator factors in a job contributes to a person's job performance. e.) Inducement. 52. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. b) Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair a. Second, once we have satisfied a need, it ceases to motivate us. d) Higher and lower-order needs become equally important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site b) The theory has been scientifically verified with methods other than the original. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which theory can be traced to the father of the classical school of criminology? Although the New Yorkbased company is still growing, as of October 2017 Bombas had donated more than four million pairs of socks (Bombas 2017). The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. e) People with a low need for achievement will also have a low need for affiliation. a) existence factors a) How a person will respond to types of leadership direction d) an employee's responsibility to request that their managers develop need profiles required for success in different jobs The implication of McClellands research is that organizations should try to place people with high needs for social power in managerial jobs. An overriding principle in this theory is that a persons attention (direction) and energy (intensity) will focus on satisfying the lowest-level need that is not currently satisfied. c. He relied on correlational methods. Question 13 0 / 1 pts Content theories tend to: None of these Type: MC You Answered emphasize whether persistence will prevail provide a reasonable balance of direction and intensity focus on the intensity portion of motivation Correct Answer emphasize the direction component of motivation b) ERG To seek enjoyable relaxation from stress. a) Acquired needs Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? __________ is the process of developing, negotiating, and formalizing the targets or objectives that a person is responsible for accomplishing. To better understand the nAch motive, its helpful to describe high-nAch people. To get free, shake off restraint, break out of confinement. They build empires, and they protect them. b) Esteem, safety, social, physiological, and self-actualization We recommend using a Factors inside the person that cause people to perform tasks, intrinsic motivation, arise out of performing a task in and of itself, because it is interesting or fun to do. Question 8. a) power. Job context factors include all of the following except. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, 3. c. contingency. They do it because it is intrinsically motivating; the hobby satisfies needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. According to the company website, Bombas exists to help solve this problem, to support the homeless community, and to bring awareness to an under-publicized problem in the United States (n.p.). Webinars can also be accessed in recorded form at any time 24/7 during the 6-week session. One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. ______________ is classified as a content theory. a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. McClellands research differs from Murrays in that McClelland studied three needs in depth: the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power (often abbreviated, in turn, as nAch, nAff, and nPow).5 McClelland believes that these three needs are learned, primarily in childhood. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence Herzberg recommends using _________ to build motivators into job content. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization b) sense of achievement. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. Job enrichment is one effective strategy; this frequently entails training and rotating employees through different jobs, or adding new challenges. b) Higher-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. a) Hygiene factors include achievement and recognition. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence e) group instead of individual goals. The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________. Matching b. Verifiability c . Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT? d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. e) Organizational justice, According to expectancy theory, the value the individual attaches to various work outcomes is known as __________. Employees high in nAff should be placed in jobs that require or allow interactions with other employees. 36. a) expectancy is high and instrumentality and valence are low Which of the following is true of the use of Maslow's needs hierarchy? Our needs for food and water are instinctive. existence Even if the virtues in different cultural contexts have the same name, like "honesty" or "justice," they may well be different in their essential content. Bhattacharya credits the success of Unilever, and other companies with similar engagement levels, to an emphasis on a sustainable business model. He outlines eight steps that companies take to move sustainability and social responsibility from buzzwords to a company mission capable of motivating employees (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). 35. e) Self-actualization and physiological. d) interactional justice d) The theory links motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance. Barton, Tynan. In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. financial assets include all of the following, except? a) reducing work inputs. e) Reinforcement. d. Appraisal of the empirical evidence for and against the selected theory for the case at hand. 4. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. Orem believes there are two types of human beings: those who need nursing care and those who produce it. e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. As these needs are satisfied, our growth needs become more active. If the dollar decreases in value in e) ERG theory focuses on the consequences of an individual's behavior, whereas Maslow's theory does not. 49. d) hygiene factors Describe a content theory of motivation. To ask or answer general questions. According to Roy's Adaptation Model, the adaptive modes includes all the following, EXCEPT: A. Physiologic Needs B. Self Concept C. Role Function D. Interdependence E. Achievement Answer Key 4. Theyre more likely to go bowling with friends after work than to go home and watch television. To surrender. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo e) assumed negative inequity, According to equity theory, which of the following exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively more than others have received? a.) Which of the following theory has used "General Systems Theory" as a framework for its development? But, once those esteem needs are satisfied, Maslow predicted that self-actualization needs would dominate. __________ is classified as a process theory. Other needs take over and we endeavor to satisfy them. List of Organizational Behaviour Multiple Choice Questions with Answers: Q1. According to Suppes, all of the following are functions of theory except a. organizing specific data. Managers often assume that employees do not have certain needs because the employees never try to satisfy them at work. e) working longer hours. citation tool such as, Authors: David S. Bright, Anastasia H. Cortes. AC78.6 ac midterm examinations theories. Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. a) not possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs e) the consequences of an individual's behavior, b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others . e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. Why? To put things in order. Furthermore, since meeting these needs does not provide satisfaction, Herzberg concludes that they do not motivate workers. So, high-nAff employees will be especially motivated to perform well if others depend on them. Motivators, which relate to the jobs we perform and our ability to feel a sense of achievement as a result of performing them, are rooted in our need to experience growth and self-actualization. The basis behind this theory is that segments of DNA that occur at the . What is the bad debt estimation for the year using the balance sheet method? c) Goals are most likely to lead to higher performance when people have the abilities and the feelings of self-efficacy required to accomplish them. Where would you place that on Maslows hierarchy of needs? They look at motivation from the perspective of our needs and aspirations. Management theories include methods and practices that companies follow to manage their employees and maintain good employee relations effectively. nondirectivec. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. safety. Hygienes can cause dissatisfaction if they are not present in sufficient levels. 2017. RBS boosts employee motivation and engagement through its CSR approach. employee benefits. e.) safety and self-actualization. Sustainability should be tied to a higher purpose and foster a sense of unity not simply among employees, but even with competition at a societal level (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). When motivator needs are met, however, employees feel satisfied and are motivated to perform well. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: The cell membrane is composed. Teleological theories include all of the following except A) Ethical egoism B) Utilitarianism C) Altruism D)Ethical egalitarianism Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 42 D Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by Vickemz Terms in this set (42) Teleological theories include all of the following except A) Ethical egoism b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location. Which statement about acquired needs theory is correct? a) Reinforcement c) The theory does not account for regression. How? c.) Teachable Over time the hobby becomes less fun and is done in order to receive extrinsic rewards (money). d) Goals are most likely to motivate people toward higher performance when they are accepted and there is commitment to them. Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. d) Interactional justice Intrinsic rewards satisfy higher-order needs like relatedness and growth in ERG theory. Employees with high nPow can be beneficial to organizations. To control ones human environment. Jobs that pay well and that are performed in safe, clean working conditions with adequate supervision and resources directly or indirectly satisfy these lower-order needs. The nAff has important implications for organizational behavior. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. To accept injury, blame, criticism, punishment. Motivators relate to job content. c.) Expectancy then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Two features of needs are key to understanding motivation. Task feedback, or knowledge of results, overwhelms employees with information and reduces employee motivation toward higher performance. The third of McClellands learned needs, the need for power (nPow), is the need to control things, especially other people. Which of the following statements accurately describes Herzberg's hygiene factors? Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. Unilever employees more than 170,000 workers globally and has an employ engagement level around 80 percent. d) working conditions. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT: