USES: This medication is a multivitamin product used to treat or prevent vitamin deficiency due to poor diet, certain illnesses, or during pregnancy. J Nutr 2021;151:1976-82. Evidence on the link between MVM use and cancer risk includes a meta-analysis of eight cohort and case-control studies published before August 2010 that evaluated the association between consumption of MVs and MVMs and breast cancer risk [20]. Ophthalmology 2014;121:525-34. Pregnant and breastfeeding people, adult women, non-Hispanic Blacks, people of low socioeconomic status, and individuals who are underweight or overweight are among the groups with the greatest risk of deficient intakes of one or more nutrients [9]. In general, MVMs might help people who do not eat a nutritious variety of foods to obtain adequate amounts of essential nutrients. Participants completed standardized cognitive tests administered over the telephone at baseline and annually for 3 years. Host factors include homeostatic mechanisms that regulate absorption or excretion depending on the nutrient status of the host . The brand name of Lycopene Multivitamin and Multimineral Capsules presented by Creogenic Pharma is CREPENE. There are two different types of vitamin D, vitamin D3, which is the form . N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-35. Excess intakes can also be a concern for people taking MVMs that contain some vitamins or minerals in amounts approaching or exceeding the UL. For a reader-friendly overview of Multivitamin/mineral Supplements, see our consumer fact sheet on Multivitamin/mineral Supplements. Art. Some MVMs contain amounts of some vitamins and minerals that are substantially higher than the DV, RDA, AI, or even, in some cases, the established Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). The Physicians Health Study II was the longest clinical trial to investigate whether MVMs might help prevent chronic disease. Nausea. [, Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The studies (which were of low quality overall) included a total of 355,034 women ages 2079; those taking MVs and MVMs took them for at least 3 years. NCCIH has provided this material for your information. MVMs and MVs accounted for 14% of all purchases of supplements and 38% of all sales of vitamin and mineral supplements in the United States in 2019 [4]. Myoglobin helps your muscle cells store oxygen. Absorption of vitamins in the intestine is critical in avoiding deficiency states, and impairment of . Dietary supplements are commonly taken during pregnancy to increase nutrient intakes, especially of key nutrients, such as iron and folic acid. Obimin Plus is a pre- and postnatal supplement to help provide adequate supply of vitamins, minerals and DHA and EPA, during pregnancy and lactation. The mention of any product, service, or therapy is not an endorsement by NCCIH. Vitamins are organic and can be broken down by heat, air, or acid. For more information on safe upper levels of nutrients, visit the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements at: Smokers, and possibly former smokers, should avoid MVM products that provide more than 100% DV for vitamin A (either as preformed retinol or beta-carotene or some combination of the two) because two studies have linked high supplemental doses of these nutrients with an increased risk of lung cancer insmokers. Clinical trials and observational studies to assess the chronic disease benefits and risks of multivitamin-multimineral supplements. October 11, 2022
RCTs have focused primarily on the link between MVM use and CVD (or all-cause mortality) outcomes. The model comprises an oxygenation that is coupled to carbon-carbon bond . Cobalamin. Common side effects may include: upset stomach . Deficiency: Symptoms include paresthesia, or "pins and needles . Office of Dietary Supplements. MVMssuch as those for energy, enhanced athletic performance, weight control, improved immune function, or eye healthoften combine several vitamins and minerals with botanical and specialty ingredients, such as coenzyme Q10, probiotics, or glucosamine. Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial. Women who took more than one MV or MVM daily had a 53% higher risk of oropharyngeal cancer but a 35% lower risk of leukemia. 2013;309:2005-15. Similarly, the American Heart Association advises against the use of MVMs to prevent CVD because scientific studies have found them to be of no value for this purpose [52]. Take this medication by mouth, usually once daily or as directed. Multivitamins are a combination of many different vitamins that are normally found in foods and other natural sources.. Multivitamins are used to provide vitamins that are not taken in through the diet. Observational studies
Ann Intern Med 2013;159:797-805. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:308S-13S. A third CVD outcomes study prospectively followed a cohort of 37,193 women ages 45 and older (mean age 54 years) participating in the Women's Health Study who were users (38%) or nonusers (62%) of MVMs (including "a wide range of lower-dose vitamins and minerals") for an average of 16.2 years. Health care providers determine the dose of this medication for a given patient in part by assessing the amount of vitamin K that the patient routinely consumes. The DGA adds that infants fed human milk might also require a vitamin B12 supplement if the mother's vitamin B12 status is inadequate, which might occur, for example, if she follows a vegan diet [54]. Infants and children
However, the quality of the studies was generally poor, most had small samples (as few as 20 participants), and they used different MVs and MVMs and outcome measures. Supports overall health: Alpilean also contains vitamins and minerals like . This analysis included 4,933 adults who reported taking an MV or MVM during the previous 12 months and 16,670 nonusers [37]. Neither baseline use nor changes in use of MVMs over time were associated with changes in the long-term risk of major CVD events, MI, stroke, cardiac revascularizations, or death from CVD. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: Multiple vitamin/mineral supplementation, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality among adults with esophageal dysplasia. Many multivitamin products also contain minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. However, when a deficiency of one of these vitamins or minerals does occur, symptoms can be seen throughout the body because of their relationship to energy metabolism, which happens in all cells of the body. We encourage you to discuss any decisions about treatment or care with your health care provider. Multiple-micronutrient supplement for women during pregnancy (review). Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Micronutrient supplementation. However, MVMs often have small amounts of certain nutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, so supplement users should check product labels. In the presence of insulin, the micronutrient combination tested further enhanced this effect up to 1445% over controls. Iron is also a nutrient of public health concern for infants ages 611 months who are fed primarily human milk and do not consume enough iron from complementary foods, adolescent females, and people who are pregnant. Mechanism of Action Exerts oncotic pressure, which expands volume of circulating blood and maintains cardiac output. MVMs providing nutrients in recommended amounts do not ordinarily interact with medications, with one important exception. Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. In particular, in pregnant women, MVM together with iron and folic acid are recommended to improve birth outcome and reduce low birth weight and rates of miscarriage. Prevalence of dietary supplement use in US children and adolescents, 2003-2014. When injected intravenously, it will increase circulating plasma volume by approximately 3 times the volume infused within 15 minutes if the client is well hydrated. Smokers and, possibly, former smokers should avoid MVM products providing large amounts of beta-carotene or vitamin A because two studies have linked these nutrients to an increased risk of lung cancer in smokers [63]. The products provided an average of 14 nutrients, although the products with 3 nutrients in 5 trials did not contain a mineral. [, US Preventive Services Task Force. U.S. sales of all dietary supplements totaled an estimated $55.7 billion in 2020, including $21.2 billion for all supplements containing vitamins, minerals, or both, of which $8.0 billion was for MVMs and MVs [4]. However, evidence to support their use for overall health or disease prevention in the general population remains limited. Am J Clin Nutr 2022;115:1501-10. Another team defined MVMs as "full-spectrum" products providing all 12 vitamins plus 10 minerals [9]. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:269S-276S. Varying definitions of MVMs and the ability of manufacturers to change the composition of their products at will further complicate the study of MVMs' potential health impacts because different studies do not use products of similar composition. Use rates by sex and age are 19.5% for men and 26.1% for women ages 1930 years, 25.1% for men and 33.0% for women ages 3150 years, 34.5% for men and 36.2% for women ages 5170 years, and 40.9% for men and 44.0% for women ages 71 years and older. No U.S. government health agency, private health group, or health professional organization promotes regular use of MVMs. The mechanism of action of resveratrol is complex and not fully understood. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;77:423-36. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that pregnant people take a daily "prenatal vitamin" [56]. [, Macpherson H, Pipingas A, Pase MP. 1 Supplement use is typically a safe and effective method of maintaining a healthy body . Based on these two trials, the USPSTF warned that beta-carotene supplementation may increase the risk of lung cancer in people who smoke, have smoked, or have occupational exposure to asbestos [50]. These interactions can make a drug less effective, increase the action of a drug, or cause unexpected side effects. The DGA does not mention MVMs, but it does recommend that Americans choose healthy, nutrient-dense food and beverages. Yet, iron supplements are a leading cause of poisoning in young children, so parents and guardians should keep iron-containing supplements out of the reach ofchildren. The radioprotective effect ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo of vitamins was reviewed using PubMed and Embase and conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), which was led by NIHs National Eye Institute and concluded in 2001, showed that daily high doses of vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and the minerals zinc and coppercalled the AREDS formulationcan help slow the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a blinding eye disease. Chemical name: pantothenic acid. Manufacturers sometimes offer these MVMs in packs of two or more pills for users to take daily. Follow all directions on the product package, or take as directed by your doctor. The result is often a fresh perspective on . The supplements did not prevent AMD onset or affect cataract risk. However, if you consume fortified foods and beverages (such as cereals or drinks with added vitamins and minerals) along with dietary supplements, you should make sure that your total intake of vitamins and minerals is not more than the safe upper limits for any nutrients. [, Keats EC, Haider BA, Tam E, Bhutta ZA. The. Dietary vitamins and minerals play ubiquitous roles throughout the human body by serving as veritable "helping hands" (e.g. Approximately 7476% of the men and 7275% of the women had adequate intakes on average from food alone of the 17 nutrients examined, but use of MVMs increased the prevalence of adequacy to 84% for the men and 83% for the women. National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference statement: multivitamin/mineral supplements and chronic disease prevention. A meta-analysis of 20 RCTs investigated whether supplementation with MVMs (whose composition varied by study but that contained multiple nutrients including iron and folic acid) by pregnant people led to better birth outcomes than use of supplements containing only iron with or without folic acid or, in one study, a placebo [33]. Product Presentation. Have a question? Explore the pages linked above to learn about: What vitamin D, iron, and zinc do. Carbohydrates, such as cellulose, pass through the human intestinal tract undigested. Minerals, vitamins, and an immunity booster derived from various plant extracts are included. [, Rock CL. Nutrition 2017;36:60-6. Among women, taking a daily MV or MVM did not affect their overall risk of developing cancer except for oropharyngeal cancer, which increased by 46%. Phytochemicals present in honey can mitigate the primary mechanisms of oxidative stress and are deliberated as nutraceutical food responsible for mitigating risk factors for cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The COcoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) was a subsequent clinical trial to investigate whether MVMs might help prevent cancer and CVD in both men and women [42]. Multiple-micronutrient supplementation in pregnant adolescnts in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. MVMs can also increase the likelihood that users will have intakes of some nutrients that are higher than the ULs [14].